European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
Volume 135, Issue 2 , Pages 145-148 , December 2007

Fact: Antidepressants and anxiolytics are not safe during pregnancy

  • Daniel M. Campagne

      Affiliations

    • UNED University, Faculty of Psychology, Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Madrid, Spain
    • Clinica Bella Medica, Altea, Spain

Received 26 February 2007 ,Revised 25 April 2007 ,Accepted 19 June 2007.

References 

  1. Einarson A. The Safety of Psychotropic Drug Use During Pregnancy: A Review. http://www.medscape.com/viewprogram/4532.
  2. http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/SAFETY/2004/safety04.htm#effexor
  3. http://www.fda.gov/medwatch/safety/2005/safety05.htm#Paxil2 ; http://www.fda.gov/bbs/topics/NEWS/2005/NEW01270.html.
  4. SSRIs and Treatment Challenges of Depression in Pregnancy. July 19, 2006. http://www.fda.gov/default.htm.
  5. Oberlander TF, Warburton W, Misri S, Aghajanian J, Hertzman C. Neonatal outcomes after prenatal exposure to selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants and maternal depression using population-based linked health data. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006;63(8):898–906
  6. Wogelius P, Norgaard M, Gislum M, et al. Maternal use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and risk of congenital malformations. Epidemiology. 2006;17(6):701–704
  7. FDA Proposed Rule Stage: “Content and Format of Labeling for Human Prescription Drugs and Biologics; Requirements for Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling (Reg Plan Seq No. 45); 0910–AF11. http://www.thecre.com/quality/fall2005/health.pdf.
  8. Eberhard-Gran M, Eskild A, Opjodsmoen S. Treating mood disorders during pregnancy, safety considerations. Drug Saf. 2005;28(8):695–706
  9. In:  Raffensperger C,  Tickner J editor. Protecting Public Health and the Environment: Implementing the Precautionary Principle. Washington, DC: Island Press; 1999;
  10. Brody JG, Tickner J, Rudel RA. Community-initiated breast cancer and environment studies and the precautionary principle. Environ. Health Perspect. 2005;113(8):920–925
  11. Nepomnaschy PA, Welch KB, McConnell DS, Low BS, Strassmann BI, England BG. Cortisol levels and very early pregnancy loss in humans. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2006;103(10):3938–3942
  12. Dolovich LR, Addis A, Vaillancourt JMR, Power JDB, Koren G, Einarson TR. Benzodiazepine use in pregnancy and major malformations or oral cleft: meta-analysis of cohort and case-control studies. BMJ. 1998;317:839–843
  13. Committee on the Safety of Medicines (1988, 1997, 2004). Reminder: Avoid Benzodiazepines in Pregnancy and Lactation. http://www.dh.gov.uk/assetRoot/04/07/01/76/04070176.pdf.
  14. Paterniti S, Dufouil C, Alperovitch A. Long-term benzodiazepine use and cognitive decline in the elderly: the Epidemiology of Vascular Aging Study. J Clin Psychopharmacol. 2002;22(3):285–93 http://www.psychopharmacology.com/pt/re/jclnpsychopharm/abstract.00004714-200206000-00009.htm;jsessionid=DY8SEtyhWVSeSF27igOIg0bBUZJiALgBRwXYUQN2EAyXNXKwB9T2!-648743427!-949856144!9001!-1.
  15. Petrovic M, Maiman A, Warie H, Afschrift M, Pevernagie D. Is there a rationale for prescription of benzodiazepines in the elderly?. Acta Clin Belg. 2003;58(1):27–36
  16. Shi SJ, Garcia KM, Meck JV. Temazepam, but not zolpidem, causes orthostatic hypotension in astronauts after spaceflight. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 2003;41(1):31–39
  17. Westen D, Morrison K. A multidimensional meta-analysis of treatments for depression, panic, and generalized anxiety disorder: an empirical examination of the status of empirically supported therapies. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2001;69:875–899
  18. Casacalenda N, Perry J, Looper K. Remission in major depressive disorder: a comparison of pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and control conditions. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159:1354–1360
  19. Lam RW, Kennedy SH. Evidence-based strategies for achieving and sustaining full remission in depression: focus on metaanalyses. Can J Psychiatry. 2004;49(1):17S–26S
  20. Pull CB. Combined pharmacotherapy and cognitive-behavioural therapy for anxiety disorders. Curr Opin Pyschiatry. 2007;20(1):30–35
  21. Campagne DM. Screening for depression in pregnancy with the pregnancy mood profile. J Rep Med. 2003;48(10):813–818
  22. Campagne DM. Comment on “The Effectiveness of Various Postpartum Depression Treatments and the Impact of Antidepressant Drugs on Nursing Infants”. Medscape General Medicine 2004;6(1). http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/471005.
  23. Campagne DM. Commentary on “Medication Exposure During Pregnancy: Antidepressants”. Medscape Ob/Gyn & Women's Health 2005;10(1) http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/504929.
  24. Kendall-Tacket KA. A new paradigm for depression in new mothers: the central role of inflammation and how breastfeeding and anti-inflammatory treatments protect maternal mental health. Int Breastfeed J 2007;30,2:6 (Epub AOP).
  25. Way CM. Safety of newer antidepressants in pregnancy. Pharmacotherapy 2007;27(4):546–52.
  26. Bowen A, Muhajarine N. Antenatal depression. Can Nurse. 2006;102(9):26–30

PII: S0301-2115(07)00283-7

doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2007.06.010

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
Volume 135, Issue 2 , Pages 145-148 , December 2007