European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
Volume 153, Issue 2 , Pages 220-223 , December 2010

Levator defects are associated with prolapse after pelvic floor surgery

Received 7 April 2010 ,Revised 28 July 2010 ,Accepted 30 July 2010.

References 

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  2. Olsen AL, Smith VJ, Bergstrom JO, Colling JC, Clark AL. Epidemiology of surgically managed pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. Obstet Gynecol. 1997;89(4):501–506
  3. Daellenbach P, Kaelin-Gambirasio I, Dubuisson JB, Boulvain M. Risk factors for pelvic organ prolapse repair after hysterectomy. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;110(3):625–632
  4. Whiteside J, Weber A, Meyn L, Walters MD. Risk factors for prolapse recurrence after vaginal repair. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004;191(5):1533–1538
  5. Clark A, Gregory T, Smith V, Edwards R. Epidemiologic evaluation of reoperation for surgically treated pelvic organ prolapse and urinary incontinence. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2003;189:1261–1267
  6. Vakili B, Zheng Y, Loesch H, Echols K, Franco N, Chesson RR. Levator contraction strength and genital hiatus as risk factors for recurrent pelvic organ prolapse. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;192:1592–1598
  7. Dietz HP, Chantarasorn V, Shek KL. Levator avulsion is a risk factor for cystocele recurrence. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2010;36:76–80
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  9. DeLancey J. The hidden epidemic of pelvic floor dysfunction: achievable goals for improved prevention and treatment. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2005;192:1488–1495
  10. Dietz HP, Steensma AB. The prevalence of major abnormalities of the levator ani in urogynaecological patients. BJOG. 2006;113:225–230
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  12. Dietz HP, Gillespie A, Phadke P. Avulsion of the pubovisceral muscle associated with large vaginal tear after normal vaginal delivery at term. Aust NZ J Obstet Gynaecol. 2007;47:341–344
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  14. DeLancey J, Morgan D, Fenner D, et al. Comparison of levator ani muscle defects and function in women with and without pelvic organ prolapse. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;109:295–302
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  17. Dietz HP, Shek KL. Validity and reproducibility of the digital detection of levator trauma. Int Urogynecol J. 2008;19:1097–1101
  18. Dietz H. Ultrasound imaging of the pelvic floor: 3D aspects. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2004;23(6):615–625
  19. Dietz H. Quantification of major morphological abnormalities of the levator ani. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 2007;29:329–334
  20. Dietz HP, Shek C. Levator avulsion and grading of pelvic floor muscle strength. Int Urogynecol J. 2008;19(5):633–636
  21. DeLancey J, Morgan D, Fenner D, et al. Comparison of levator ani muscle defects and function in women with and without pelvic organ prolapse. Obstet Gynecol. 2007;109(2):295–302
  22. Abdool Z, Shek K, Dietz H. The effect of levator avulsion on hiatal dimensions and function. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009;201(1):89.e1–5

PII: S0301-2115(10)00408-2

doi: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2010.07.046

European Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology and Reproductive Biology
Volume 153, Issue 2 , Pages 220-223 , December 2010

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